Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [SCNEC] of the tongue: a case report

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [SCNEC] of the tongue is very rare. We here present a SCNEC impatient with distant metastasis. A 74-year-old Chinese male went to hospital to treat a tongue tumor, which was founded at a conventional physical examination in weifang stomatology hospital. The check of positron emission tomography-computer tomography [PET-CT] by Weifang people's hospital revealed a tumor in the right root of tongue, and distant metastasis in the right submandibular area, neck, mediastinum, right hilar, abdominal, retroperitoneal multiple lymph nodes, left thyroid, right lower lung, right scapula and bilateral adrenal. The patient was diagnosed tongue SCNEC by the pathological analysis of the tissue section. Conforming to the diagnosis of tongue SCNEC, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 cycles with etoposide and carboplatin, and is alive now 9 months after the diagnosis

Analysis of pathogen spectrum of Encephalitis/Meningitis in northwestern area of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To learn the characteristics of pathogen spectrum of Encephalitis /Meningitis in northwestern area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 1st 2009 and March 31st 2011, a total of 569 patients with clinical symptoms of Encephalitis/Meningitis were selected from the hospitals in Gansu, Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang province. 1514 samples of specimen were collected from the 515 patients, to detect the IgM of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), enterovirus (EV, including Coxsackie virus, ECHO virus and enterovirus 71), Mumps virus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Meanwhile, Neisseria meningitis (Nm), Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib), Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus Suis, E. Coli and Cryptococci were also identified. The detection results were analyzed by different region, time and age range.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathogenic bacteria were identified in the specimen from 16 patients, with the rate at 3.65%, of which the dominant ones were Streptococcus pneumonia (7 patients, 43.75%). Virus were identified in the specimen from 132 patients, with the rate at 27.05%, of which the dominant types were EV and HSV, accounting for 33.33% (44 cases) and 31.82% (42 cases) respectively. The detection rate of virus showed a significant seasonal trend, with the peak appearing between June and November each year. The peak of EV detection was between July and September, with 24 cases detected out; the peak of HSV was between June and August (11 cases detected out); mumps virus was mainly found between July and December (25 cases). There was no significant time-distribution found in the detection of bacteria. The EV and HSV were mainly distributed in Gansu and Qinghai province (70 cases) ;most of mumps virus were found in Gansu province (24 cases);and JEV were only found in Gansu province (20 cases). The viral pathogen spectrum was identified in all ages, and the EV and mumps virus were mainly found in children aged 0-14 years old (42 and 17 cases respectively) ; JEV were identified in people over 15 years old, with 13 detected out of the 20 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main pathogen of acute encephalitis and meningitis in northwestern area of China was virus, and the main pathogens of encephalitis and meningitis in children under 15 years were Herpes simplex virus and Mumps virus.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of different reactive force direction of maxillary protraction on temporomandibular joint / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of different reactive force direction of protractions on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of craniomaxillofacial complex.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CT image of the head of a healthy young male volunteer was obtained.With the help of Mimics software, we established a three-dimensional finite element model of craniomaxillofacial complex which included TMJ. The force pattern of maxillary protraction appliance was imitated. The force (5 N) was applied on the chin and the direction of force was from 22° to 49° relative to the occlusal plane. The displacement and stress distribution of TMJ were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contact stress on the maxilla decreased with the angle of the force direction increased from 22° to 40°, and increased with the angle increased from 40° to 49°. The stress on the condyle decreased with the angle of the force direction increased. The stress on the condylar neck decreased initially and then increased with the angle of the force direction increased. Comprehensively, the stress was the smallest when the angle of the force direction was 40°. The clockwise rotation of the mandible was found when the angle of the force direction was smaller than 40°. The displacement value was relatively small when the angle was 40°.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Stress and displacement were relatively small when the angle of the force direction was 40° relative to the occlusal plane.</p>

Effect of pamidronate and ibandronate on orthodontic root resorption in rats / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of pamidronate and ibandronate on orthodontic root resorption.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two 6-week-old female specific pathogen free (SPF) Wistar rats were selected to establish models for orthodontic tooth movement. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (C group), pamidronate group (Pm group) and ibandronate group (Ib group). 0.9% normal saline,0.5 mmol/L pamidronate and 0.5 mmol/L ibandronate were injected every 3 days. The rats were executed in batch on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day to make tissue sections. All statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18 software package.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 7th and 14th day, the amount of cementoclast, the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and root resorption index were significantly lower in Pm group [the 7th day: (2.675 ± 0.002), (0.1683 ± 0.0007), (0.103 ± 0.003); the 14th day: (3.886 ± 0.048), (0.1873 ± 0.0014), (0.283 ± 0.001)] and Ib groups[the 7th day: (2.601 ± 0.001), (0.1634 ± 0.0010), (0.099 ± 0.002); the 14th day: (3.754 ± 0.019), (0.1818 ± 0.0016), (0.281 ± 0.001)] than in C group[the 7th day: (2.810 ± 0.001), (0.1792 ± 0.0008), (0.120 ± 0.001); the 14th day: (4.800 ± 0.001), (0.2060 ± 0.0007), (0.401 ± 0.001)] (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between Pm and Ib groups on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both pamidronate and ibandronate could inhibit orthodontic root resorption.</p>

Analysis on epidemiology and the main clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis in Gansu, 2009-2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemiological characteristics and the main clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis in Gansu.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 322 viral encephalitis patients were recruited from province sentinel hospitals in Gansu province from 2009 to 2011, and their basic information were collected as well as their serum samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples. 296 out of the 322 cases were qualified for our study. Based on the patients' epidemiological characteristics and clinical features, we determined the detection of the virus types (at least one kind of virus detection was carried out for each case). ELISA was applied to test the IgM antibody of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV), enterovirus (EV: including Coxsackie virus, echovirus, enterovirus 71), mumps virus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum specimen. The difference of positive detected rate between types of virus, among patients from different regions, time, or at different ages, as well as the different clinical symptoms between JE patients and other viral encephalitis patients, were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive detected rate of virus in the 296 patients was 27.03% (80/296); the positive rate of JEV, EV, mumps virus, HSV detected was separately 7.53% (22/292), 8.75% (23/263), 13.84% (22/159) and 15.09% (40/265), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 10.849, P < 0.05). 90.91% (20/22) of the JEV positive cases were distributed in Tianshui, Longnan and Pingliang, and 95.45% (21/22) patients were infected from July to September. All the 23 EV detected positive patients were infected from April to December, while the ages of patients ranged from 1 to 44 years old. Mumps virus, HSV testing positive cases had onset every month. Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who had the symptoms as disturbance of consciousness (OR = 15.487, 95%CI: 2.266 - 105.852), somnolence (OR = 11.659, 95%CI: 1.783 - 76.242), convulsions (OR = 11.062, 95%CI: 1.687 - 72.530) were more likely to infect JEV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HSV was the principal pathogen of viral encephalitis in Gansu. An obvious central tendency in the regional and time distribution was found in JEV infection; and the clinical symptoms of JE patients were more severe.</p>

A stability study of hard tissue changes in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion after orthodontic-orthognathic treatments / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of hard tissues at each treatment stage in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion after orthodontic-orthognathic surgery, and to assess the long-term stability after treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>24 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were selected. Standardized lateral cephalograms at the following stages were taken for each patient: Before treatment (T0), 3 months after surgery (T1), 1 year after surgery (T2), 3 years after surgery (T3). A total of 16 hard tissue landmarks were selected and evaluated at different stages. SPSS 12.0 software was used to study the changes of the hard tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Comparison of angles between stage T0 and T1, except N-S-Ar, N-S-Ba, N-S-Go, NBa-PtGn and Y axis, other discrepancies all had statistical significances. 2) Comparison of angles between stage T1, and T2, only SNPo and U1-SN had significant differences. 3) Comparison of angles between stage T1 and T3, only U1-SN had an obvious change. 4) Comparison of the angles between stage T2 and T3, all angle changes had no statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>From three months to one year after surgery, the hard tissue angles varied more or less, but that did not essentially affect the surgery results. It is concluded that the orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion had a long-term stability.</p>

Myoelectricity study on wearing flat bite plate under different raised distances in deep overbite therapy / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze changes of myoelectrical activity of anterior funicle of temporal muscle (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) after raising vertical distance of occlusion by flat bite plate during treatment of deep overbite in order to approach an optimal raised vertical distance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 70 persons were selected and divided into two groups: Experiment group (36 patients) with deep overbite and control group (34 persons) with individual normal occlusion. The experiment group was subdivided into three groups that were respectively raised D, D+2 mm and D+4 mm (D means free way space, mm). Electromyologram (EMG) was utilized to measure the average peak potential of TA and MM on quiescent condition before treatment and two weeks after wearing flat bite plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Before treatment, the average peak potential of experiment group was obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 2) After two weeks the potential of TA and MM of all persons in experiment group was obviously lower than before (P<0.05), the degree between the group D+2 mm and the group D+4 mm was not manifestly different, but both of the two groups were more obvious than the group D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The raised vertical distance of occlusion by flat bite plate, which exceeded free way space, was favourable to the functional recovery of masticatory muscles.</p>

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the growth of rat osteoblasts / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on the growth of rat osteoblasts. To find out the mechanisms that TNF-alpha regulates the growth of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To assay osteoblasts proliferation by MTT. To assay alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts by PP-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The osteblasts proliferation and the ALP activity decreased in treatment groups, and the significantly lower levels were observed in above 50 ng/mL groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNF-alpha restrained osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation, and the effects were more significant in above 50 ng/mL groups.</p>

A relevant experimental study of alveolar and systemic bone mineral density changes in diabetes rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare alveolar bone mineral density (BMD) changes of the male and female diabetes rats, and male diabetic rats BMD in systemic change.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>40 Wistar rats were divided into diabetic group (15 female rats and 15 male rats) and control group (5 female rats and 5 male rats). Models of diabetes rats were made by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose, serum insulin, indicators of bone metabolism as well as BMD of mandibular alveolar bone, femur and lumbar spine were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone in male rats was higher than the female rats in the two groups (P<0.05). The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone of male and female diabetic rats in the diabetic group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The BMD of male rats in the control group was femur, mandibular alveolar bone, lumbar spine from high to low. The BMD of male rats in the diabetic group was mandibular alveolar bone, femur, lumbar spine from high to low.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osteoporosis happen to mandibular alveolar bone of female and male diabetes rats, especially in female rats. The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone, femur and lumbar spine in the male diabetic rats were lower than that in the control group. Mandibular alveolar bone density changes of diabetic rats was in line with the lumbar spine and femur's, or mandibular alveolar bone density changes of diabetic rats lags behind the lumbar spine and femur's.</p>

3-dimensional finite element analysis of periodontal stress distribution when impacted teeth are tracted / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze stress around the impacted tooth by constituting a 3-dimensional finite element model of impacted tooth, consequently offer reference basis for clinic traction treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 3-dimensional finite element model of the impacted tooth was constituted by CT scan, append pericementum and alveolar bone model was used to constitute impacted model. 3 forces were loaded to 3-dimensional finite element model and the periodontal stress of impacted tooth was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When force 1 was loaded to the model, the maximum stress was smaller, but the stress distribution was more average. When force 3 was loaded to the model, the maximum stress was larger, but the stress concentrated at the side of the force. When force 2 was loaded to the model, the stress distribution was medium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When the direction of the force is in line with the central axis, the maximum stress is smaller, and the stress distribution is more average, while this has advantage to the eruption of the impacted tooth. When the direction of the force has angle with the central axis of the impacted tooth, the angle is larger, the maximum stress is larger and the stress distribution is more concentrate, and this goes against the eruption of the impacted tooth. The angle between the orientation of the traction and central axis of the impacted tooth is smaller, there are more advantages to the eruption of the impacted tooth. So the angle should be properly selected in order to make sure of the eruption of the impacted tooth. When the angle is quite large, more anchorage is needed to resist to the large force.</p>

Effect of bioactive glass filling defective alveolar bone on tooth movement / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the movement of rat's tooth in the area of defective alveolar bone filled with bioglass in comparison with contralateral tooth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female Wistar rats were selected. Defects in alveolar bones were created and filled with bioglass. Orthodontic appliances were fixed to mesially guide the maxillary first molars.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats' teeth were mesially moved in the area filled with bioglass. There were no significant differences between two sides in movement distance of the first molars and in thickness of periodontal tissues with paired t-test (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rat's tooth can be mesially moved in the area filled with bioglass.</p>